Compare Bahrain (2004) - Trinidad and Tobago (2004)

Compare Bahrain (2004) z Trinidad and Tobago (2004)

	Bahrain (2004)	Trinidad and Tobago (2004)

Administrative divisions	12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah note: all municipalities administered from Manama	9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, and 1 ward regional corporations: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco city corporations: Port of Spain, San Fernando; borough corporations: Arima, Point Fortin, Chaguanas ward: Tobago
Age structure	0-14 years: 28.4% (male 97,179; female 95,043) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 271,015; female 192,342) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 11,426; female 10,881) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 21.4% (male 120,153; female 114,205) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 403,202; female 370,498) 65 years and over: 8.1% (male 39,762; female 48,765) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish	cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports	4 (2003 est.)	6 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	3.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.	The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate	18.54 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	12.75 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.981 billion expenditures: $3.019 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $2.663 billion expenditures: $2.51 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (2003)
Capital	Manama	Port-of-Spain
Climate	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers	tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline	161 km	362 km
Constitution	adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)	1 August 1976
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun	conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Currency	Bahraini dinar (BHD)	Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Death rate	4.03 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$4.682 billion (2003)	$2.608 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador William T. MONROE embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 1724-2700 FAX: [973] 1725-6242 (consular)	chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador KHALIFA bin ALI bin Rashid Al Khalifa chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international	none	Barbados will assert its claim before UNCLOS that the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into its waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to challenge this boundary as it may extend into its waters as well
Economic aid - recipient	$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)	$24 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	In well-to-do Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil granted as aid. A large share of exports consist of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.	Trinidad and Tobago, the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a growing trade surplus. Prospects for growth in 2004 are good as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and liquified natural gas are expected to remain high, and foreign direct investment continues to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.
Electricity - consumption	5.819 billion kWh (2001)	4.943 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	6.257 billion kWh (2001)	5.315 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues	desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs	water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%	East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, black 39.5%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Exchange rates	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2003), 0.376 (2002), 0.376 (2001), 0.376 (2000), 0.376 (1999)	Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2929 (2003), 6.2487 (2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held in 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles	petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners	US 3.5%, India 3.3%, South Korea 2.2% (2003)	US 63.5%, Jamaica 5.6%, France 3.2% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam	red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side
GDP	purchasing power parity - $11.29 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $10.52 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0.7% industry: 42.1% services: 57.2% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 2.6% industry: 49% services: 48.4% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $16,900 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2003 est.)	3.7% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	26 00 N, 50 33 E	11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note	close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean	Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Heliports	1 (2003 est.)	-
Highways	total: 3,261 km paved: 2,531 km unpaved: 730 km (2000)	total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	crude oil, machinery, chemicals	machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 30.7%, US 11.4%, Japan 7.8%, UK 5.7%, Germany 5.4% (2003)	US 31.7%, Venezuela 13.6%, Brazil 7.3%, Germany 6.6%, UK 5.1%, Japan 4.3% (2003)
Independence	15 August 1971 (from UK)	31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	2% (2000 est.)	5.7% (2003 est.)
Industries	petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism	petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate	total: 17.91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 24.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-0.2% (2003 est.)	3.8% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	50 sq km (1998 est.)	30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	High Civil Appeals Court	Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Labor force	350,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2003 est.)	590,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%, government 20% (1997 est.)	agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.82% permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2001)	arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (2001)
Languages	Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu	English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system	based on Islamic law and English common law	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.98 years male: 71.52 years female: 76.51 years (2004 est.)	total population: 69.28 years male: 66.86 years female: 71.82 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.1% male: 91.9% female: 85% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.1% female: 98% (2003 est.)
Location	Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references	Middle East	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine	total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 219,083 GRT/312,638 DWT by type: bulk 3, container 2, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: Hong Kong 1, Kuwait 1 registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,178 GRT/3,633 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: United States 1 registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Military branches	Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF): Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, National Guard	Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force: Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$618.1 million (2003)	$66.7 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	7.5% (2003)	0.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 221,661 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 326,447 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 121,484 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 232,234 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 6,396 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection	Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality	noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini	noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; dust storms	outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources	oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls	petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate	1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-10.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	gas 20 km; oil 53 km (2004)	condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	political parties prohibited but politically oriented societies are allowed	National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago
Political pressure groups and leaders	Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active	Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin BAKR]
Population	677,886 note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)	1,096,585 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate	1.56% (2004 est.)	-0.71% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah	Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 4, FM 18, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%	Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.41 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female total population: 1.27 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 973; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)	general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use	185,800 (2003)	325,100 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	443,100 (2003)	361,900 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	4 (1997)	4 (2004)
Terrain	mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment	mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate	2.67 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.77 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	15% (1998 est.)	10.4% (2003)

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